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Pituitary Cytokine and Growth Factor Expression and Action

Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048-1865

I. Introduction

A. Hormone secretion

1. Tier

2. Tier II

3. Tier III

II. Cytokines and growth factors

A. Interleukins

1. IL-1, and ß

2. IL-2

3. IL-6

B. Leukemia-inhibitory factor (LIF)

C. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)

D. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)

E. Transforming growth factor- (TGF)

F. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs)

1. FGF-2

2. Chondrocyte growth factor (CGF)

3. FGF-4

G. Nerve growth factor (NGF)

H. Galanin

I. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)

1. IGF-I

2. IGF-II

J. TGFß

K. Activin, follistatin, and inhibin

L. Miscellaneous

1. PTHRP

2. TNF

3. Hypothalamic factors

4. Endothelin

5. Angiotensin

III. Integrated Role of Intrapituitary Cytokines and Growth Factors

A. Cytokines and pituitary tumorigenesis

B. Intrapituitary cytokine role in septic shock response

C. Summary