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Chick Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter-Transcription Factors (COUP-TFs): Coming of Age¹

Department of Cell Biology (S.Y.T., M-J.T.) and Medicine (M-J.T.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030

I. Introduction

II. The COUP-TF Gene Family

A. Homology to other members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily

B. Sequence homology within the COUP-TF gene family

III. Biochemical Characteristics

A. DNA-binding sites

B. Molecular mechanism of COUP-TFs action

1. Competition for occupancy of the binding sites

2. Competition for RXR

3. Active repression

4. Transrepression

5. The role of COUP-TFs in transactivation

IV. Expression Patterns of COUP-TFs During Development

A. Expression patterns in zebrafish and Xenopus

B. Expression patterns in mouse and chick

V. Physiological Function of COUP-TFs

A. Ectopic expression of svp in Drosophila

B. Ectopic expression of COUP-TFI in Xenopus embryos

C. Loss of function of COUP-TFI in mice

D. Loss of function of COUP-TFII in mice

VI. Regulation of the Expression of COUP-TF Genes

A. Regulation of COUP-TF by retinoids

B. Regulation of COUP-TF by sonic hedgehog (Shh)

VII. Perspectives