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Endocrine Reviews 18 (4): 435-461
Copyright © 1997 by The Endocrine Society

Control of Differentiation, Transformation, and Apoptosis in Granulosa Cells by Oncogenes, Oncoviruses, and Tumor Suppressor Genes1

Abraham Amsterdam and Natarajagounder Selvaraj2

Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel

I. Introduction
II. Protooncogene Expression and Follicular Cell Development
A. Expression of myc, jun, and fos in granulosa cells
B. Expression of c-kit protooncogene and its ligand steel/kit in the ovary
III. Tumor Suppressor Genes, Death Genes, and Survival Genes in Granulosa Cells
A. Expression of Fas antigen and its ligand in the ovary
B. Modulation of gene expression
IV. Immortalization of Primary Granulosa Cells by Oncogenes and Oncoviruses
A. Establishment of immortalized granulosa cells expressing gonadotropin receptors
V. Mechanism of Induction of Differentiation in Oncogene-Transformed Cells
A. Expression of adrenal 4-binding protein/steroidogenic factor-1
B. Expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
C. Expression of sterol carrier protein 2 and the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor
D. Induction of steroidogenesis in immortalized granulosa cells
E. Expression of inhibin, activin, and follistatin
F. Involvement of the cytoskeleton in granulosa cell differentiation, transformation, and programmed cell death
VI. Ovarian Cancer
A. Endocrine factors in ovarian cancer
B. Tumors of ovarian granulosa cells
C. The role of protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in ovarian cancer
VII. Conclusions
VIII. Future Directions






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Endocrinology Endocrine Reviews J. Clin. End. & Metab.
Molecular Endocrinology Recent Prog. Horm. Res. All Endocrine Journals
Copyright © 1997 by The Endocrine Society