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Physiological Action of Progesterone in Target Tissues¹

Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia

I. Introduction

II. Synthesis and Secretion of Progesterone

III. The Progesterone Receptor

A. PR expression and regulation

IV. Progesterone Regulation of Gene Expression in the Uterus, Ovary, and Chick Oviduct

A. Progesterone effects on proliferation and decidualization in the uterus during the menstrual cycle

B. Progesterone regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathways in the endometrium

C. Control of ovulation

D. Implantation, uterine proliferation, and early pregnancy

E. Myometrial contractility

F. Chick oviduct

V. Progesterone Action in the Breast

A. Effect of progesterone on proliferation of the normal breast

B. Progesterone regulation of genes associated with cell cycle progression

C. Progesterone regulation of growth factors and growth factor receptors in the breast

D. Markers of progestin action in the breast

E. Progesterone effects on lactation

VI. Progesterone Effects in the Brain

VII. Progesterone Effects on Bone

VIII. Antiestrogen Action of Progesterone

A. Inhibition of ER expression

B. Progesterone inhibition of the molecular action of ER

IX. Summary and Conclusion

X. Future Directions