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Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins in Serum and Other Biological Fluids: Regulation and Functions¹

Mineral Metabolism Laboratory (D.J.B., S.M.), Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Administration Medical Center, Department of Nutrition (S.R.), School of Public Health, Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry, and Physiology, School of Medicine (D.J.B., S.M), Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92357

I. Introduction

II. Characteristics of the IGFBPs

III. Target Cell Actions of the IGFBPs

A. To modulate IGF actions

B. To facilitate storage of IGFs in extracellular matrices

C. To exert IGF-independent effects

IV. IGF-IGFBP Complexes in Biological Fluids

A. Serum

B. Milk

C. Urine

D. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

E. Follicular fluid

F. Amniotic fluid

G. Lymph

H. Seminal fluid

I. Other biological fluids

V. Assays for Circulating Levels of IGFBP

A. Western ligand blotting

B. Western immunoblotting

C. RIA

D. Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA)

VI. Relative Distribution of IGFBPs in Serum

VII. Regulation of Serum IGFBPs

A. Physiological conditions

B. Development and aging

C. Hormonal effects: mechanisms

D. Pathological conditions

VIII. IGFBP Proteases in Circulation

A. Proteases under normal conditions

B. Pregnancy-associated proteases

C. Proteases under catabolic and disease states

IX. Endocrine Functions of IGFBPs in Serum

A. To prevent insulin-like effects

B. To increase the half-lives of IGFs

C. To control the transport of IGFs from the vascular space

X. Conclusions