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Cancer and Bone¹

Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7877

I. Introduction

II. Normal Calcium and Bone Homeostasis

A. Bone remodeling

B. Calcium homeostasis

C. Defenses against hyper- and hypocalcemia

III. Humoral Mechanisms by Which Solid Tumors Affect the Skeleton

A. Hypercalcemia

B. Oncogenic osteomalacia

C. Tumor lysis syndrome

IV. Local Mechanisms by Which Tumors Affect the Skeleton

A. Clinical manifestations

B. Pathophysiology of the metastatic process to bone

C. Local tumor syndromes in bone

D. Therapy of tumor in bone