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Growth Hormone and Bone¹

Research Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism (C.O., B-Å.B., O.I., M.S.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-41345 Göteborg, Sweden; Diabetes Branch (C.O.), The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Connective Tissue Biology (T.T.A.), Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; and Eli Lilly, Netherlands (M.S.), Nieuwegein, Netherlands

I. Introduction

II. Effects of GH on Longitudinal Bone Growth

A. GH and regulation of postnatal longitudinal bone growth

B. Results supporting an important physiological role of IGF-I for bone growth

C. Evaluation of the somatomedin theory vs. the dual effector theory

III. Effect of GH in Vitro

A. Effects of GH in bone tissue cultures

B. Effects of GH on osteoblasts

C. Effects of GH on osteoclasts

IV. Effects of GH on Bone Metabolism in Animals

A. Effects of GH deficiency and GH replacement on bone parameters

B. Effects of GH treatment on bone parameters of animals with normal GH secretion

C. Effects of GH on fracture healing

V. Effects of GH on Bone Metabolism in Humans

A. Bone metabolism in patients with acromegaly and GH deficiency

B. Effects of the GH/IGF-I axis on bone metabolism and bone mass in patients with normal GH secretion

VI. Summary and Conclusions