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Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Resistance¹

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Cornell University Medical College (D.W.G.), New York, New York; Division of Epidemiology and Department of Anthropology (R.B.), The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.E.G.), UCLA Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, California 90095-1752

I. Introduction

II. The IGFs and Their Receptors

III. Genetically Engineered Mouse Models

IV. Malnutrition

V. Conditions Associated with Genetic IGF-I Resistance in Humans

A. African Efe Pygmies

B. Leprechaunism and other genetic disorders associated with severe insulin resistance

C. Deletions of the distal arm of chromosome 15

D. Rare examples of "idiopathic" short stature associated with elevated circulating levels of IGF-I

VI. Conditions Associated with Acquired IGF-I Resistance in Humans

A. HIV-1 infection

B. Chronic renal insufficiency

C. Mauriac syndrome

VII. Conclusions