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The Connective Tissue Growth Factor/Cysteine- Rich 61/Nephroblastoma Overexpressed (CCN) Family¹

Departments of Surgery and Medical Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; and Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205

I. Introduction

II. The Modular Structure of the Connective Tissue Growth Factor/Cysteine-Rich 61/Nephroblastoma Overexpressed (CCN) Family Members

III. Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF)

A. Discovery

B. Structure of the CTGF gene and protein

C. CTGF mRNA production

D. CTGF production, secretion, and processing

E. CTGF-heparin interactions

F. Biological properties of CTGF

G. Mechanism of action of CTGF

IV. Cyr61

A. Discovery of cyr61

B. Structure of the cyr61 gene and protein

C. Cyr61 mRNA production

D. Cyr61 production and secretion

E. Biological properties of cyr61

F. Mechanism of action of cyr61

V. Nov

A. Discovery and structure of nov

B. Nov mRNA production

C. Biological properties of nov

VI. Elm1/WISP-1

VII. Heparin-Induced CCN-Like Protein (HICP)/rCop-1/CTGF-3/WISP-2

VIII. WISP-3

IX. Other CCN-Like Molecules

X. Regulation of Cellular Functions by the CCN Family

A. Cell cycle control

B. Cell adhesion and migration

C. Extracellular matrix (ECM) production

XI. Biological Processes Involving the CCN Family

A. Development and differentiation

B. Female reproductive tract function

C. Angiogenesis

D. Wound repair

E. Fibrotic disorders

F. Inflammation

G. Tumor growth

XII. Perspectives and Future Directions