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The Biology of pro-Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-Derived Peptides¹

Division of Endocrinology (E.A.N.), Department of Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903; and Yale University School of Medicine and Connecticut Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (K.A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Research 151, West Haven, Connecticut 06516

I. Introduction

II. Biosynthesis of TRH and Other pro-TRH-Derived Peptides

A. Biosynthesis and processing of pro-TRH

B. Intracellular sites of pro-TRH processing

C. Tissue-specific processing of pro-TRH

D. The role of PCs and CPs

E. Neuropeptide and catecholamine regulation of Pro-TRH biosynthesis and processing

F. Glucocorticoids modulate the biosynthesis and processing of pro-TRH

G. Leptin regulates pro-TRH biosynthesis

III. Function of TRH

A. The HPT axis

B. Extrahypophysiotropic TRH

IV. Function of non-TRH pro-TRH-Derived Peptides

A. prepro-TRH_160–169 (pST₁₀)

B. prepro-TRH_178–199 (pFE₂₂)

C. prepro-TRH_178–185 and prepro-TRH_186–199 (pFQ₇ and pSE₁₄)

D. prepro-TRH_53–74 (pFT₂₂)

E. prepro-TRH_83–106 (pEH₂₄) and prepro-TRH_208–255

F. TRH-Gly

V. Non-TRH pro-TRH-Derived Peptides Outside of the CNS

VI. TRH and Other pro-TRH-Derived Peptide Receptors

A. The TRH receptor

B. The prepro-TRH_160–169 (pST₁₀) receptor

VII. TRH Degradation

VIII. Concluding Remarks