This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Giguère, V. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Giguère, V.

Orphan Nuclear Receptors: From Gene to Function¹

Molecular Oncology Group, McGill University Health Centre and Departments of Biochemistry, Medicine, and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1

I. Introduction

II. Nuclear Receptors: General Concepts

A. Anatomy of nuclear receptors

B. Mechanisms of action

III. Orphan Nuclear Receptors

A. Definition

B. Nomenclature

C. Structural and functional diversity

IV. Novel Hormone Response Systems: RXR and Its Heterodimeric Partners

A. RXR: rexinoids

B. PPAR: multiple ligands, multiple functions

C. PXR: pregnanes, xenobiotic compounds, and benzoate derivatives

D. CAR (constitutive androstane receptor): androstanes and phenobarbital

E. LXR: control of cholesterol metabolism by oxysterols

F. FXR: bile acids receptor

V. Orphans in Search of a Home

A. HNF4: diabetes and possible regulation by acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) thioesters

B. FTZ-F1: steroidogenesis and sexual development

C. Rev-Erb: singular members of the superfamily

D. ROR: neuron development and T cell selection

E. TR2: the testis receptors

F. TLX: forebrain development

G. COUP-TF: neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and heart development

H. ERR: placenta development and control of lipid metabolism

I. NGFI-B: hypothalamus-pituitary axis (HPA), T cells, and dopaminergic neurons

J. GCNF: one of a kind

K. DAX-1: adrenal development and sex determination

L. SHP: a promiscuous and inhibitory heterodimeric partner

VI. Concluding Remarks